View source for CRM IV - Display data protocol

== General ==
The microprocessor receives messages on the asynchronous serial input. First, the message is checked for errors in transmission using the checksum. Then the processor decides whether the message is addressed to this station. Last the data bytes in the message are sent to the display, the synchronous output, the asynchronous output or as digits back to the exchange, depending on the command type.

== Serial format ==

The serial format is 8 bit, no parity, 2 stop bits, 9600 baud.

== Message format ==

The message consists of the following items:
*A start of record mark, one byte. Always 0xa5.
*Byte count. One byte giving the number of bytes in the rest of the record. The count starts at the next byte and includes the checksum byte at the end of the record.
*Address. Two bytes telling for who this record is intended. The most significant byte comes first.
*Command type. One byte telling what the message is about.
*Data. Up to 18 bytes of data.
*Checksum. One byte checksum of record, obtained by adding count byte, address bytes, command byte and data bytes, ignoring any carry.

== Addresses ==

The processor has three different address registers that it tries to match against the address of the incoming message:
*The 16 bit main address register that is loaded by a message. The register may be loaded by a message that requires a double pulse on the polarity of the cd wire. The register is set to 0xff00 after full reset.
*The 8 bit K-group address register that can be loaded by a message.

The address range of the incoming messages is divided as follows:

{| border="1" 
|-
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="90pt" |Address
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="800pt"|Interpretation
|-
|0x0000 - 0xfbff || The address is compared directly with the 16 bit main address register.
|-
|0xfc00 - 0xfcff || The lower 8 bits are compared with the short address register.
|-
|0xfd00 - 0xfdff || The lower 8 bits are compared with the K-group address register.
|-
|0xfe00 - 0xfeff || The lower 8 bits are compared with the upper 8 bits of the main address register. The processor have 0xff00 in the main address register after reset so that 0xfeff is group broadcast to all processors whose main address register is not yet loaded.
|-
|0xfffe || Maskable broadcast to all processors. 
|-
|0xffff || Unmaskable broadcast to all processors.
|-
|}
<br/><br/>

== Commands ==

The command byte tell the processor what to do. Not all commands will be supported by all systems, refer to individual product specifications for details.

{| border="1" 
|-
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="90pt" |Command
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="800pt"|Action description
|-
|0x01 || Write data in message to low address (control register of display). Wait for display to become ready for each byte.
|-
|0x02 || Write data to high address (display RAM and character generator of display). Wait for display to become ready for each byte.
|-
|0x03 || Write data in message to high address, but interpret values in the range 0x10 .. 0x1f as control codes. Wait for display to become ready for each byte.
|-
|0x04 || Load the main address register with the two first data bytes of message if the processor has received  two pulses on the PD7 pin within a short time (less than one second). This is a double flash in the station LED and the sequence on the PD7 pin is 1-0-1-0-1. The first 1 must be present when the message is processed, meaning that the LED must be off. Most significant byte is first data byte.
|-
|0x05 || Load the first data byte as the K-group address.
|-
|0x06 || Write data bytes in message to low address.
|-
|0x07 || Write data bytes in message to high address.
|-
|0x08 || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Load the short address register from port A (PA0..PA7).
|-
|0x09 || Mask broadcast. Messages with address 0xfffe is ignored.
|-
|0x0a || Unmask broadcast. Messages with address 0xfffe is recognised.
|-
|0x0b || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Shift 0xff out to SPI address 0x02. This command is for compatibility with old version of display station processor only.
|-
|0x0c || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Shift 0x00 out to SPI address 0x02. This command is for compatibility with old version of display station processor only.
|-
|0x0d || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Shift first data byte out to address 0x00. This command is for compatibility with old version of display station processor only.
|-
|0x0e || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Shift first data byte out to address 0x01. This command is for compatibility with old version of display station processor only.
|-
|0x20 || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Shift data in message out to specified SPI addresses. Data and addresses comes in pairs, first one byte of address then one byte of data. Since at most 18 bytes may be sent in one message, one message can load up to 9 external registers.
|-
NOTE: special use on CRM III
|-
|0x21 || Transmit data bytes in message on asynchronous output (9600 baud, 2 stop bit, no parity, 8 bit data).
|-
|0x22 || Use the data bytes in message as key presses, send them as digits on the CD wires. Key value 20 gives ID+specified current, key values 21-30 gives current pulse only, 31 gives C-key pulse.
|-
|0x23 || Activate handset and volume override.
|-
|0x24 || Deactivate handset and volume override.
|-
|0x25 || Load the main address register with the two first data bytes of  the message without looking for any pulses on CD-wire. Most significant byte is first data byte.
|-
|0x26 || Activate RCO-pin 
(HC05: Active = PD1/TDO going low).
|-
|0x27 || Deactivate RCO-pin 
(HC05: Inactive = PD1/TDO going high).
|-
|0x28 || Activate RCO-pin with time-out given by data byte. Time-out is given by hex value times 100 ms. 
(HC05: Active = PD1/TDO going low).
|-
|0x29 || Start pulse train on RCO-pin. First data byte gives on-time, second data byte gives off-time, and third data byte gives number of pulses (max 127 = 0x7f). Times are given by hex value times 100 ms. 
(HC05: on = PD1/TDO going low).
|-
|0x2a || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Same as 0x22, but four-digit version number is appended.
|-
|0x2e || HC05/HC04 specific command:
Activate watchdog reset, processor dials own identity (directory number) if programmed, when coming alive.
|-
|0x2f || Stop activities in microcontroller to start watchdog reset.
|-
|0x31 || Multiple display version of command 0x01. Display address is first byte after command. Address 0x00 is default display (for back compatibility use command 0x01) and address 0xff is all displays.
|-
|0x32 || Multiple display version of command 0x02. Display address is first byte after command. Address 0x00 is default display (for back compatibility use command 0x02) and address 0xff is all displays
|-
|0x33 || Multiple display version of command 0x03. Display address is first byte after command. Address 0x00 is default display (for back compatibility use command 0x03) and address 0xff is all displays
|-
|0x41 || Set indicator status command; will set status on one indicator as off, on, slow blink or fast blink.
It will refer to KEY number(K), indicator number(I) and status selector with state(S). Many indicator can be set with one  command:
 Example: 0x41+ KIS+KIS+….+KIS+ checksum (up to 9 KIS)
 Message ID: 0x41 : 	1 byte
 Message size:	16 bits
 - Key number:	10 bits
 - Indicator number:	3 bits
    indicator 0 (binary 000):	red LED
    indicator 1 (binary 001):	green LED
    indicators 2-7:	for future use
 - Status selector (*):	2 bits
    status 0, binary 00, low priority:	on
    status 1, binary 01, medium priority:	slow blink
    status 2, binary 10, high priority:	fast blink
    status 3, binary 11, no priority	for future use
 - Status state:	1 bit
    state off, binary  0	off
    state on, binary  1	on
 
(*): Status with higher the priority will override the lower.<br />
NOTE: special indicator use on keys # 1000-1023
|-
|0x42 || A station indicator reset command: <br />
It will reset all the indicators on the station to state 0. <br />
Message ID: 0x42<br />
The command has no parameters.
|-
|0x43 || A station indicator test command (lamptest): <br />
It will divide the lamps into sections that will be sequentially set to state 1 (on) so that no more than ¼ of the lamps will light up at the same time. The function will stay active for a period set by a parameter.<br />
Message ID: 0x43  <br />
Parameter: time in seconds; 0-255.<br />
Example: “0x43+0x10+checksum” will stay active for 16 seconds
|-
|}

=== Special commands/usage ===

{|Border="1"
|-
|0x20 / 0x00 / 0b00ab cdef || CRM III special outputs:<br />
a,b,c,d,e: available extra outputs on CRM III display driver board (A100C01454), write ‘0’ if not used<br />
f : external buzzer (0=off, 1=on)
|-
|0x20 / 0x02 / 0b0000 abcd || CRM III special outputs:
a : backlight control inverted (0=on, 1=off)<br />
b : internal buzzer (0=off, 1=on)<br />
c : do not use always write ‘0’<br />
d : do not use always write ‘0’ (display select)
|-
|0x41-43 || Special indicator and status usage for keys 1000-up:

 key 1023: LCD backlight control
 - Indicator: 
    indicator 0 (binary 000):	backlight LCD 0
    indicator 1 (binary 001):	backlight LCD 1
    indicator 2 (binary 010):	backlight LCD 2
    indicator 3 (binary 011):	backlight LCD 3
    indicator 4 (binary 100):	backlight LCD 4
    indicator 5 (binary 101):	backlight LCD 5
    indicator 6 (binary 110):	backlight LCD 6
    indicator 7 (binary 111):	backlight LCD 7
 -Indicator status as ordinary indicators. 
	
 key 1022: Buzzer control
 - Indicator: 
    indicator 0 (binary 000):	internal buzzer
    indicator 1 (binary 001):	external buzzer (relay)
 	
    indicators 2-7: 	not used
 - Status selector (*):	2 bits
    status 0, binary 00, low pri:	1 blip every 5 sec
    status 1, binary 01, medium pri:	1 blip every 2 sec
    status 2, binary 10, high pri:	on
    status 3, binary 11, no pri:	for future use
 - Status state:	1 bit
    state off, binary  0	off
    state on, binary  1	on
|-
|}

=== Control codes as used in command 0x03 ===

When sending a message with command 0x03, the processor writes the data bytes to the display high address. However, bytes in the range 0x10 to 0x1f is interpreted as control codes. The codes have the following meaning:

{| border="1" 
|-
|width="90pt"|0x10 
|width="800pt" |Clear display.
|-
|0x11 || Move cursor to start of first line.
|-
|0x12 || Move cursor to start of second line.
|-
|0x13 || Position cursor. Use the following byte as the new cursor address. Range is 0x00..0x7f. Refer to HD44780 data sheet for details.
|-
|0x14 || The following byte is written to low address rather than high address.
|-
|0x15 || Mask broadcast. Messages with address 0xfffe will be ignored.
|-
|0x16 || Unmask broadcast. Records with address 0xfffe will be recognised.
|-
|}
<br/><br/><br/>

== Dialling format, frequencies and currents ==

The following format is used for key data in command type 0x22, for frequencies and for currents when dialling numbers:

{| border="1" align=left 
|-
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="100pt"|Frequency
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="100pt"|Current
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="100pt"|Data byte in command 0x22
!style="background:#ffdead;" width="200pt"|Name
|-
|500 Hz	|| Handset ON|| 0x00 || Digit 0
|-
|700 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 1
|-
|900 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 2
|-
|1100 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 3
|-
|1300 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 4
|-
|1500 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 5
|-
|1700 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 6
|-
|1900 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 7
|-
|2100 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 8
|-
|2300 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 9
|-
|400 Hz	|| Handset ON|| 0x0a || Digit 10
|-
|2600 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 11
|-
|450 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 12
|-
|2900 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 13
|-
|600 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 14
|-
|3200 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 15
|-
|800 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 16
|-
|3600 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 17
|-
|1000 Hz	|| Handset ON||&nbsp;|| Digit 18
|-
|4000 Hz	|| Handset ON|| 0x13 || Digit 19
|-
|500 Hz	|| M-key || 0x20 || M +digit 0
|-
|700 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 1
|-
|900 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 2
|-
|1100 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 3
|-
|1300 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 4
|-
|1500 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 5
|-
|1700 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 6
|-
|1900 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 7
|-
|2100 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 8
|-
|2300 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 9
|-
|400 Hz	|| M-key || 0x2a || M +digit 10
|-
|2600 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 11
|-
|450 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 12
|-
|2900 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 13
|-
|600 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 14
|-
|3200 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 15
|-
|800 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 16
|-
|3600 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 17
|-
|1000 Hz	|| M-key ||&nbsp;|| M +digit 18
|-
|4000 Hz	|| M-key || 0x33 || M +digit 19
|-
|500 Hz	|| Handset OFF || 0x40 || Hsoff +digit 0
|-
|700 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 1
|-
|900 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 2
|-
|1100 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 3
|-
|1300 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 4
|-
|1500 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 5
|-
|1700 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 6
|-
|1900 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 7
|-
|2100 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 8
|-
|2300 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 9
|-
|400 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| 0x4a	 || Hsoff +digit 10
|-
|2600 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 11
|-
|450 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 12
|-
|2900 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 13
|-
|600 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 14
|-
|3200 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 15
|-
|800 Hz	 || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 16
|-
|3600 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 17
|-
|1000 Hz || Handset OFF|| &nbsp; || Hsoff +digit 18
|-
|4000 Hz || Handset OFF	|| 0x53 || Hsoff +digit 19
|-
|500 Hz	 || C-key|| 0x60 || C +digit 0
|-
|700 Hz	 || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 1
|-
|900 Hz	 || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 2
|-
|1100 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 3
|-
|1300 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 4
|-
|1500 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 5
|-
|1700 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 6
|-
|1900 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 7
|-
|2100 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 8
|-
|2300 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 9
|-
|400 Hz	 || C-key|| 0x6a || C +digit 10
|-
|2600 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 11
|-
|450 Hz	 || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 12
|-
|2900 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 13
|-
|600 Hz	 || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 14
|-
|3200 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 15
|-
|800 Hz	 || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 16
|-
|3600 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 17
|-
|1000 Hz || C-key||&nbsp;|| C +digit 18
|-
|4000 Hz || C-key||0x73	 || C +digit 19
|-
|(no tone) || M-key + ID || 0x34 || M+ID-pulse
|-
|(no tone) || Handset ON + ID  || 0x14 || ID-pulse
|-
|(no tone) || Handset OFF + ID || 0x54 || Hsoff +ID-pulse
|-
|(no tone) || C-key + ID|| 0x74	|| C+ID-pulse
|-
|(no tone) || M-key	|| 0x35	|| M-pulse
|-
|(no tone) || C-key	|| 0x5f	|| C-pulse
|-
|}

[[Category:Discontinued Products]]
[[Category: Analogue Station - Technical articles]]